2 June 16, 2021

Abstract:
At the end of 2019, in December, the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market appeared to be linked with the massive outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan. It was identified that a virus later called the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for this condition. The disease was named COVID-19 and declared a pandemic as it affected the entire world and claimed many lives. News pertaining to the spread of COVID-19 became the hot talk in all forms of media ranging from print and television to social media platforms. This study aims to provide an analysis of the role of all types of media in the crisis and emergency that has arisen worldwide due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The role of media in disseminating information, particularly within Pakistan, is discussed in detail regarding the spread of coronavirus and the media's active part in sensationalizing or controlling the situation.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851287.pdf
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Abstract:
This study aims to explore the relationship between news media use and civic engagement. This study also investigates the mediating role of social capital and civic accountability in the relationship between news media use and civic engagement. The theoretical framework of this study is based on social learning theory. By employing a cross-sectional survey design, this study has collected online data from 350 respondents from four universities located in Lahore. To empirically test hypotheses, Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling technique has been used. The results of this study reveal that news media use is positively associated with civic engagement. News media use has a significant relationship with social capital and civic accountability. This study has also found a positive relationship between social capital and civic engagement. Similarly, the relationship between civic accountability and civic engagement also remains significant. The results of the indirect effects indicate that social capital and civic accountability are significant mediators in the relationship between news media use and civic engagement.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851338.pdf
Number of views: 281      Download in PDF

Abstract:
As the title implies the article dwells upon development of critical thinking skills of students in the context of digital content dominance. The article aims to provide the reader with information on the features of developing skills required for working with historical texts. The study points to the weaknesses in developing students’ critical thinking at Nizhnevartovsk State University (KhMAO-Yugra, Russia). The author discusses theoretical contributions and practical implications. The main idea of the paper is that critical thinking skills cannot develop without information literacy. These skills are closely aligned with information literacy, which has declined because of media environment. Much attention has been drawn to the problem of development of history students' critical thinking skills. The author has read a number of papers and now presents this information as a background of the research. The study presents traditional ways of working that have been transformed in the media environment. This analysis illustrates the peculiarities of working with history students over the past 10 years. Given that over the years 2/3 of students failed to develop necessary skills, the author concludes that it is impossible for all students to develop these skills.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851380.pdf
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Abstract:
The negative feature of modern public communication and media discourse is invectivization. The problem of language invectivization takes the central place in linguoconflictology, which has become the natural extension and the development of legal linguistics. The pathos of this article is connected with the following statement: it is impossible to avoid the conflict component in many spheres of public communication, but irony can become an alternative to invectives and obscenisms. It will contribute to the cultivation of the Russian communicative space, the harmonization of communication. The use of irony instead of invectives and obscenisms will fill kindness grammar lacunae in the era of sharp changes in communicative conventions. The authors used linguopragmatic and sociolinguistic methods, as well as elements of content analysis of mass communication texts, to investigate the modern public discourse invectivization and prove the advantage of the ironic modality over the invective one. Insult is one of the most widespread verbal offenses. The invective is always violation of ethical and linguistic standards, but it is possible for irony to remain within the limits of normativity. In the modern media space, irony performs a very important social function, acting as an alternative to invective communication, inevitable in the polarized world.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851465.pdf
Number of views: 326      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Unlike the preceding campaigns, developments in media technology come up with efficient and effective media campaigns, providing candidates more possibilities to attain even larger groups of constituents with very little effort. However, with the advent of new media traditional media sustain its place in politics. Politicians still utilize traditional media to provide political information but still, the growth of the Internet and its associated technologies has made a profound impact on contemporary political campaigns. Internet-based activism for a wide variety of political causes has also increased due to the growth of social media technologies, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Through this study, the researcher tries to investigate which medium has greater exposure to political content. For this purpose, researchers select three main Political Parties of Pakistan, having most of the public affiliation. These political parties are “Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML N), Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf (PTI) the data was collected by applying a purposive nonprobability sampling technique. Whereas, the finding is presented in tabular form and then the data findings in the table have been described. The key finding showed those respondents were frequent users of social media specifically Facebook and Twitter. They have enough exposure to political content through social media. The finding shows that users consume knowledge regarding party manifestos and have much knowledge of political content through social media political campaigns. Despite social media, traditional media also has a profound reach to the audience with political content.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851512.pdf
Number of views: 300      Download in PDF

Abstract:
As a deep-rooted patriarchal and traditional value-centric society, women and girls are often treated as inferior to men to participate in key aspects of their socioeconomic lives in Bangladesh. This ill fate has made the female community vulnerable to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s). Achieving the SDG’s highly depends on the actual portrayal of women and girls by media professionals. However, media professionals, especially, journalists are yet facing deep challenges in covering news on women and girls’ issues. The portrayal of women and girls in news thus remains poor and stereotyped. Under the given context what challenges journalists are facing in covering women and girls’ issues and how to overcome these that are unidentified yet. Based on survey of 26 journalists working in Chittagong, an industrially developed south-eastern district of Bangladesh, and nine (9) in-depth interviews from gender and media analysts, this study explores to what extent socio-cultural attitudes, customs and practices and policies of media challenge the journalists in covering women or gender issues. The findings show that the challenges are ranged from ‘very challenging’ to ‘somewhat challenging’ to most of the journalists. The study suggests that trainings and workshops for journalists and rethinking media policies for information literacy can be effective tools for overcoming the challenges.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1624281844.pdf
Number of views: 326      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The contemporary image of the sportsman can be studied not only in marketing terms, but also in film and media studies, indicating the protagonist's struggle with fate, his own weaknesses and limitations, as presented in the audiovisual message. The analysis focused on contemporary Polish feature films from 2011–2020, containing the story of athletes who experience both universal and national history and their own existential and moral dilemmas. The method used was the study of films and TV series as media messages and the theoretical perspective of an intimate approach to the analysis of the athlete's image. We may pose the following problematic questions: 1) what is the significance of universal and national history in the film and media presentation of the experiences of a given athlete? 2) in what way are his existential struggles symbolically captured in individual cinematic images? 3) what moral dilemmas does the athlete experience and how are they portrayed in a given audiovisual message? The analysed sports feature films portray sports rivalry less and focus the audience's attention more on the existential and moral choices of the protagonists. We have also noticed the significant importance of the historical context of the presented images of athletes.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1624281871.pdf
Number of views: 298      Download in PDF

Abstract:
G. Gerbner presented the theory of cultivation under the umbrella of his “cultural indicators” paradigm. G. Gerbner’s theory of Cultivation indicates that viewers who have immense exposure to media, particularly to television, grasp the social truths of the world the way they are broadcast on the screen and this activity influences the audiences’ attitudes and manners. Several scholars have exploited the cultivation theory to hypothesize about how media cultivates viewers’ perception of health risk, socio-political and cultural values. The bottom-line of cultivation theory is that the higher amount of time people exploit ‘living' in the television realm, the greater is the risk of their assuming the scenes being portrayed on the silver screen as truths rather social realities. Coca Cola can be well termed as one such brand that is internationally recognized and runs a worldwide marketing campaign. The proof for its success is that the brand is well known not because of the taste but for its strong advertising as well. This phenomenal brand promotion has inspired the researchers to investigate the factors, policies and strategies behind strong impact of Coke’s advertising campaign through the Cultivation Theory. The brand has also made the researchers focus on what content exactly the coke ads contain and how it is presented on screen. For the study, Coke’s advertisement in Pakistan was selected. For this mixed method study, a semi structured interview was held with the company manager in order to explore the first objective. The content of the message was analyzed by applying qualitative analysis. The data were analyzed by centering on the first two prongs of cultivation theory. The study revealed that the musical theme underlying the sense of festivity, merriment and celebration that had been promoted to elate the emotions meet the demand of Pakistan’s collectivistic culture and hence, has become success factor of coke’s consumerism and raised the impact as well.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623851964.pdf
Number of views: 394      Download in PDF

Abstract:
This paper focuses on the students’ media use for the search of scientific information. Theoretical methods were used in the work: generalization and analysis of scientific sources. To study the students’ scientific literacy, the survey was used (n = 678 students). Its results were interpreted with the methods of analysis, specification, and classification. The study found out that the media have a powerful and contradictory influence on students’ scientific literacy. The level of trust of Ukrainian students to science and its sources was revealed. The sources of scientific information (YouTube channels, including popular science channels; blogs; Wikipedia; popular science books and journals; Facebook and other social networks; popular science programs on TV; mass remote online courses; news sites; peer-reviewed scientific journals; websites of scientific organizations and universities; popular science radio programs) were identified and the disparities in understanding and trust to different information sources have been highlighted. By testing the level of students’ trust in pseudoscientific statements, the general level of their scientific literacy has been described. The article reveals difficulties in the perception of scientific information, the reasons for the search for scientific data, the topics of scientific research that are most of interest for students. The results of students’ self-assessment of the level of their scientific literacy were also recorded.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852052.pdf
Number of views: 282      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The article analyzes three aspects of reflecting student’s nature perception of the landscapes photographic images in cultural and historical heritage. Perception’s types of landscape photo images are identified: architectural views of the city, event chronotopic and social chronotopic images. The central element of this research is the ability the periodization photo artists work. Their correlation with the dominant photographic images of the cultural landscapes showed the dominant ideas of cultural landscapes images. Beyond doubt, on the basis of a combination of cultural-ecological and infrastructural-aesthetic approaches to the view of landscape images is a system of methods for studying various typologies of the city landscape compositions in the context of certain stages of perceptual media competence is established. Besides, the authors emphasize the following problem using the system of online training for more competent perception of photographic images. To assess the level of media competence in the sphere of the city cultural heritage, several indicators of primary perception development are used. As a result of the methods analysis, the authors found that the receiving methods of media competence and professional media education have a certain derivativeness of similar professional methods in relation to the methods of mass media education.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852103.pdf
Number of views: 358      Download in PDF

Abstract:
During 2020, we surveyed 21 educational journalists and editors from major highly specialized as well as broadly specialized media outlets in Ukraine. The results of the survey allowed us to determine how, in the opinion of experts, the industry of educational journalism is developing and what competencies are important for journalists writing on educational topics. The level of educational journalism in Ukraine on a scale from “1” (low) to “10” (high) was rated at an average of “5” points by experts. With the statement that there is a lack of author's analytical content on education in Ukraine, experts agreed at an average of “8” points (on a scale from “1” – quite enough to “10” – critically poor). The questionnaire made it possible to establish the competencies that journalists and editors of educational media outlets consider important, namely knowledge of laws in the field of education, selection of information based on the reliability of sources, understanding the needs of the audience, studying the interests of parents and children, searching for news and checking sources, advanced search information on the Internet, interviewing techniques, generating ideas and meanings, developing contacts, literacy and self-editing.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852327.pdf
Number of views: 270      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The Christchurch attack on March 15, 2019, on two mosques by a white supremacist is marked as a lethal incident in the history of New Zealand. In this deadly attack, at least 50 Muslims were killed and more than 50 got fatal injuries. The oddity found in this attack was that both the shootings, one on mosque Al Noor and the other on Linwood Islamic Centre, were broadcast live on Facebook. Though, the incident sparked a wave of anger throughout the Muslim world. However, that Jacinda Arden the Prime Minister of New Zealand stood in front and showed sympathy with Muslims by assuring them justice. In this way, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the representation and framing of Jacinda Ardern in post-Christchurch attack press coverage in the Muslim country newspapers. The study found that most of the stories related to Jacinda Ardern are found in Daily Dawn Pakistan, New Straits Times of Malaysia, and in the UAE’s leading newspaper Khaleej Times. However, the Tehran Times of Iran has given less coverage to Jacinda. Further, findings of the framing of Jacinda Ardern in the Muslim world press after Christchurch's attack showed most of the stories published in the four newspapers have and have framed her neutral and positive. Besides, frames like the icon of peace, anti-racist, Jacindamania, comparison of JA, and anti-Islamophobia are represented higher and paragon of leadership and redefining leadership are framed lowest in the Muslim world press.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852376.pdf
Number of views: 308      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Economic themes are not one of the most popular in Ukraine. However, during the COVID-19 era readers became more interested in the economic content. Mostly it’s because of lockdown, when entrepreneurs couldn`t provide their activities and a huge part of citizens had lower incomes. So as a result people began to search for information about how to avoid crisis or to reorganize their business. To find out what economic information our audience is the most interested it was provided a survey during May 2020. The results showed COVID-19 influenced on the preferences of the readership of online media. In particular readers become more interested in macroeconomics than in microeconomics. Also the audience noted a lack of practical information about how to provide activity online or legal information about how to reorganize business due to the lockdown requirements. The analysis of Ukrainian online media with economic section proved that the amount of economic content during the COVID-19 increased, but still haven’t meet the needs of readers of such information.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852455.pdf
Number of views: 291      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The formulation of the research topic is dictated by the tendency to investigate feminitives as destructive phenomena of the modern Russian language, contradicting the linguistic ecology and good language taste. Traditionally invectives, obscenisms and English-language inclusions were considered to be such destructive phenomena. In this connection, it is urgent to analyze the grammatical essence and pragmatic functions of feminitives in media discourse and, on this basis, to find out to what extent they can meet the ecological criteria. The conclusion is that feminitives are not equal in their ability to convey certain pragmatic co-meanings, and it is on these abilities the place of a particular female correlate in the language system, and the correspondence to the linguistic and ecological parameters of communication depends. The question of female correlates from the names of persons by profession, occupation, etc. is not new in grammar and linguoculturology, but new communication techniques, in particular, the features of word usage in Internet blogs, have given a new impetus to this topic. In the study of the language material, retrieved from traditional media texts and internet media content, such techniques as contextual linguopragmatic analysis and the method of pragmatic interpretation, which consists of identifying the features of connotational increments, were used.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852511.pdf
Number of views: 257      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Among the problems related to the media and requiring resolution, the most acute is the problem of public speaking skills of TV journalists. The attitude of viewers to television programs has a direct relationship with the speech culture of the TV presenter. Proficiency in the language and styles of speech, the ability to clearly express one's thoughts and feelings and contribute to the expression of the interlocutor's position, accurately tell about what has happened, reflect what has happened, and assess what has happened are the main elements of journalistic skills. The TV journalist needs to master the word perfectly. This is especially true of the present, which is the introduction of barbarisms (vocabulary of foreign origin) into Russian speech, when it is attacked by slang and slang vocabulary, when television is littered with illiterate TV presenters. Correct diction, the ability to breathe correctly, a delivered voice, exemplary orthoepy will allow the presenter to focus the attention of the public on the problem covered, to help the audience understand the content of his speech, influence their consciousness, imagination, and will. Dynamic television information, which is captured in television programs, remains the embodiment of the viewer's thoughts and hopes, while the television word serves as an effective instrument for reflecting the phenomena and moods of the audience. Therefore, the study of the concept of "oratory" and the possibility of its professional use by journalists on TV screens is relevant both in scientific and practical aspects.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852555.pdf
Number of views: 298      Download in PDF

Abstract:
This article emphasizes that media manipulations are spread not only by the manipulators themselves, who initiate and create (with specific agenda) one or another (partially) false media text, but also by ordinary audiences who uncritically perceive these media messages as true. This is a natural consequence of the modern capabilities of the mass media (“yellow press”, “yellow” TV programs, Internet sites), when once created, false information is replicated over and over again bypassing any critical comments and analysis. Based on the analysis of a number of scientific sources, the article’s authors developed and presented not only the theoretical model of the development of media competence of students of pedagogical universities in the process of analyzing media manipulative influences, but also the theoretical models of effective media educational activities of (future) teachers, contributing to the development of media competence of the audience in the process of analyzing media’s manipulative influences, as well as media educational activities that contribute to the development of media competence of the audience in the process of analyzing the reliability of media texts.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852601.pdf
Number of views: 299      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Literary criticism in the Mass Media is affected by social and cultural changes in the society, which leads to new forms and methods of analysis and new ways to influence the audience. The article summarizes the research of the modern Media criticism, highlighting the opaqueness of the methodology, the criticism types having been transformed, stylistic subjectivity and genre verification of the criticism. Different directions of criticism, such as Media criticism, cinema criticism, literary criticism, theatre and music criticism are undergoing common processes of Media texts transformations that span around names, topics and events, relevant in the communicative discourse, rather than around the analysis of artistic process. Moreover, the analytical component of the statements shrinks, while the interpretative part, subjective evaluation of art and information loosely related to art expands. The article analyzes the manuscript of representatives of scientific schools in the sphere of Media criticism of Belgorod State University and of Belarusian State University (Minsk), based at journalism departments, that have been exploring the process of literary criticism transformations for many years. The research is based on the analysis of articles and books, comparative approach, theoretical consolidation of the results of exploration of literary criticism.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623928071.pdf
Number of views: 292      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Social media has become the most popular communication and entertainment channel for youth. Prior research has explored social media role in eating disorder, body image and sleep quality but the research related to effect of social media on self-sexualization behaviour is lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate and to explore the use of social media and its effects on self-sexualization behaviour among university students. In this research total of 485 girls, age (M = 21.4 SD = 3.48) are taken as samples. In this study, the researchers used the convenience sampling technique for data collection. The data was collected from different universities in Lahore. The quantitative survey research design used to collect data. Correlation and serial mediation analysis used to analyse the data. The findings show that the internalization of reward beauty, self-objectification, social media use, and appearance conversation is positively correlated with self-sexualization. In addition to this, the results showed that self-objectification and internalization of reward beauty was not a significant mediator between the relationship of social media use and self-sexualization. The implications of a study related to media educators, campaign designers and parents have been discussed.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852705.pdf
Number of views: 298      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of media platforms as influential tool of Russian language learning abroad. In PRC/People's Republic of China and Maghreb countries (comprised of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia), the concept of soft power is very important in the framework of educational process when the attractiveness of another country presented from different linguistic points. It reveals how one can explore language and culture of other countries with the aim to the look at the world closer. Media education offer as detailed as possible Russian culture to foreign citizens. A review of the latest publications on the issue under study made it possible to determine the problem field and possible solutions to negative phenomena in teaching process. The article examines variations in online activities using media platforms as an innovative teaching method. Learning a language, on one hand, promotes the Russian mentality, making it clear enough for foreign citizens, and, on the other hand, ruins "Friend and Foe" stereotype barriers. In a situation of globalization language is the most important communication tool more than ever can contributes to the developing of speech habits. The younger generations speak more than one language and more connected to the Internet than ever before constantly enlarging the army of multilingual speakers. At the same time, the use of new media should be combined with the use of the traditional pedagogical approach to learning a foreign language; otherwise, students will acquire "low-quality" knowledge, since many platforms contain materials with errors. The purpose of the work is to study and identify the problematic field of application of innovative methods of studying Russian language abroad.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623928111.pdf
Number of views: 270      Download in PDF

Abstract:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the working dynasties representation in the Soviet cinematography. The theoretical research model is based on several approaches: the continuity of generations concept; the concept of social capital and social production strategies; studies of the socio-professional structure in the Soviet society; studies of labor dynasties in Russian society; the concept of “the myth of the great family” and its application in the official discourse analysis. Analyzed information sources are 43 Soviet films released from 1920s to 1980s. The article substantiates the presence of several stages in the dynastic themes presentation in the Soviet cinematography. The periodization criteria are: 1) ideological conditions and assessment of the working dynasty potential in the Soviet society; 2) genre, visual-aesthetic and resource characteristics of the film production; 3) the nature of intergenerational translation of social and professional experience. The first period (1924−1953) is characterized by discursive negativity in the propaganda films of generational continuity in the parental family. The configurational type of social and professional experience transition dominates. At the second stage (1954−1965), in accordance with the ideology, the constructive potential of labor succession in the family is emphasized in the chronicles. This stage is characterized by a post-figurative type of generational continuity. At the third stage (mid-60s-80s) there is ambivalence in the representation of working dynasties.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852798.pdf
Number of views: 290      Download in PDF

Abstract:
Modern technologies play a significant role in shaping gender perception and adolescents giving more emphasize on the external rather than internal features of an individuals. This study has been designed to examine the effects of the sexually explicit content of web series on emerging adults’ objectification. Survey method was applied, and data was collected from 700 undergraduate participant ages 18 to 23 studying in various public and private sector universities of Lahore, Pakistan. The study is driven by theoretical framework of uses and gratification and objectification theory. The result of the study showed that exposure of sexually explicit content through web series among male was strongly correlated with sexual objectification, dis-empathy, commenting about women’s body and insulting unattractive women. Moreover, web series exposure of sexually explicit content among female was not significantly correlated with male objectification. In addition to this, web series exposure is a significant predictor of sexual objectification dis-empathy, commenting about women’s body and insulting unattractive women among male university students. On the other hand, web series exposure of sexually explicit content is not significant predictor of sexual objectification among female university students. Hence the information acquired in this study can help in understanding the objectification decision made by males and females of this society and motivate parents to keep check on the type of contents their children are exposed to. Implication regarding media effects on gender perception and sexual objectification among male and females are discussed.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623852869.pdf
Number of views: 273      Download in PDF

Abstract:
In 2021 the Publishing House SM "Information for All" published a book by Professor Alexander Fedorov “Soviet science fiction movies in the mirror of film criticism and viewers’ opinions” (Fedorov, 2021). In this interview with Professor Marina Tselykh, Alexander Fedorov discussed the topic of Soviet science fiction films. Marina Tselykh thinks that the author have done a lot of work on the collection and systematization of Soviet fiction films (including television), from the 1920s to the 1990s. The result is a mini-encyclopedia that contains information about the release dates of films, their directors, fragments of reviews from critics and viewers. The author's expert opinion sounds especially interesting.

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1623853038.pdf
Number of views: 275      Download in PDF

URL: http://ejournal53.com/journals_n/1624281897.pdf
Number of views: 308      Download in PDF